Outline of Fungi and fungi-like taxa

Authors: Nalin N. Wijayawardene¹, Kevin D. Hyde², Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani^3,4, Leho Tedersoo⁵, Danny Haelewaters^6,7,8,9, Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar^10,11, Rui-Lin Zhao^12,13, André Aptroot¹⁴, Dmitry V. Leontyev¹⁵, Ramesh K. Saxena¹⁶, Yuri S. Tokarev¹⁷, Dong-Qin Dai^1,*, Peter M. Letcher¹⁸, Steven L. Stephenson¹⁹, Damien Ertz^20,21, H. Thorsten Lumbsch²², Martin Kukwa²³, Irma V. Issi¹⁷, Hugo Madrid²⁴, Alan J.L. Phillips²⁵, Laura Selbmann^26,27, Walter P. Pfliegler²⁸, Enikő Horváth²⁹, Konstanze Bensch³⁰, Paul Kirk³¹, Zuzana Kolaříková³², Huzefa A. Raja³³, Renate Radek³⁴, Viktor Papp³⁵, Bálint Dima³⁶, Jian Ma³⁷, Elaine Malosso³⁸, Susumu Takamatsu^39,40, Gerhard Rambold⁴¹, Philipp B. Gannibal⁴², Dagmar Triebel⁴³, Ajay K. Gautam⁴⁴, Shubhi Avasthi⁴⁵, Satinee Suetrong^46,47, Einar Timdal⁴⁸, Sally C. Fryar⁴⁹, Gregorio Delgado⁵⁰, Martina Réblová⁵¹, Mingkwan Doilom^52,71,72,73, Somayeh Dolatabadi⁵³, Julia Pawłowska⁵⁴, Richard A. Humber⁵⁵, Rampai Kodsueb⁵⁶, Iván SánchezCastrov⁵⁷, Bruno T. Goto⁵⁸, Danielle K.A. Silva⁵⁹, Francisco A. de Souza⁶⁰, Fritz Oehl⁶¹, Gladstone A. da Silva⁶², Iolanda R. Silva⁶², Janusz Błaszkowski⁶³, Khadija Jobim⁶⁴, Leonor C. Maia⁶², Flavia R. Barbosa⁶⁵, Patricia O. Fiuza⁶⁶, Pradeep K. Divakar⁶⁷, Belle D. Shenoy⁶⁸, Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz⁶⁹, Sayanh Somrithipol⁷⁰, Samantha C. Karunarathna^71,72,73, Saowaluck Tibpromma^71,72,73, Peter E. Mortimer^71,72,73, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe^71,72,73, Rungtiwa Phookamsak^{2,71,72,73,74}, Jianchu Xu^71,72,73,74, Yong Wang⁷⁵, Tian Fenghua⁷⁵, Pablo Alvarado⁷⁶, De-Wei Li⁷⁷, Ivana Kušan⁷⁸, Neven Matočec⁷⁸, Sajeewa S.N. Maharachchikumbura⁷⁹, Moslem Papizadeh⁸⁰, Gabriela Heredia⁸¹, Felipe Wartchow⁸², Mounes Bakhshi⁸³, Eric Boehm⁸⁴, Noha Youssef⁸⁵, Vincent P. Hustad⁸⁶, James D. Lawrey⁸⁷, André Luiz C.M. de A. Santiago⁸⁸, Jadson D.P. Bezerra⁸⁹, Cristina M. Souza-Motta⁸⁹, André Luiz Firmino⁹⁰, Qing Tian², Jos Houbraken⁹¹, Sinang Hongsanan⁹², Kazuaki Tanaka⁹³, Asha J. Dissanayake⁷⁹, Josiane S. Monteiro⁹⁴, Hans-Peter Grossart^95,96, Ave Suija⁹⁷, Gothamie Weerakoon⁹⁸, Javier Etayo⁹⁹, Andrei Tsurykau^100,101, Eric Kuhnert¹⁰², Víctor Vázquez¹⁰³, Paul Mungai¹⁰⁴, Ulrike Damm¹⁰⁵, Qi-Rui Li¹⁰⁶, Huang Zhang¹⁰⁷, Saranyaphat Boonmee², Yong-Zhong Lu^108,109, Alejandra G. Becerra¹¹⁰, Bryce Kendrick¹¹¹, Francis Q. Brearley¹¹², Jurga Motiejūnaitė¹¹³, Bharathi Sharma^10,11, Roshni Khare^10,11, Subhash Gaikwad^10,11, D. Siril A. Wijesundara¹¹⁴, Li-Zhou Tang^1,*, Mao-Qiang He^12,13, Adam Flakus¹¹⁵, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus¹¹⁶, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko¹¹⁷, Eric H.C. McKenzie¹¹⁸, Marc Stadler^119,120, D. Jayarama Bhat¹²¹, Jian Kui-Liu⁷⁹, Mubashar Raza¹², Rajesh Jeewon¹²², Elena S. Nassonova^123,124, Maria Prieto¹²⁵, R.G. Udeni Jayalal¹²⁶, Andrey Yurkov¹²⁷, Martin Schnittler¹²⁸, Oleg N. Shchepin¹²⁹, Yuri K. Novozhilov¹³⁰, Pu Liu¹³¹, James C. Cavender¹³², Yingqian Kang¹³³, Sohrabi Mohammad¹³⁴, Li-Fang Zhang¹³⁵, Rui-Fang Xu¹³⁵, Yun-Min Li¹³⁵, Monika C. Dayarathne⁷⁵, Anusha H. Ekanayaka², Ting-Chi Wen^136,137, Chun-Ying Deng¹³⁸, Adebola A. Lateef¹³⁹, Olinto Liparini Pereira¹⁴⁰, Sudhir Navathe¹⁴¹, David L. Hawksworth¹⁴², Xin-Lei Fan¹⁴³, Lakmali S. Dissanayake¹³⁷, Makbule Erdoğdu¹⁴⁴

Accepted: 17.03.2020

Journal: Mycosphere

Abstract

This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi. i.e. dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi, viz. Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. The placement of each genus at the class, order and family level is provided. The number of species per genus are also given. Notes are also provided where recent changes or disagreements occur. Fungi-like taxa (i.e. Eumycetozoa, Dictyosteliomycetes, Ceratiomyxomycetes and Myxomycetes), which have generally been treated as fungi in traditional taxonomy are also provided as an outline. Three new orders in Rozellomycota (viz. Amblyosporida ord. nov. Neopereziida ord. nov., Ovavesiculida ord. nov.) are introduced, while one family is introduced in Dictyosteliomycetes (fungi-like). A phylogenetic tree which represents all orders of fungi, where DNA sequences are available is also provided based on rRNA 18S, rRNA 28S, RPB1 and RPB2 genes.