30 Mar Outline of Fungi and fungi-like taxa
Title: Outline of Fungi and fungi-like taxa
Authors: Nalin N. Wijayawardene1, Kevin D. Hyde2, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani3,4, Leho Tedersoo5, Danny Haelewaters6,7,8,9, Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar10,11, Rui-Lin Zhao12,13, André Aptroot14, Dmitry V. Leontyev15, Ramesh K. Saxena16, Yuri S. Tokarev17, Dong-Qin Dai1,*, Peter M. Letcher18, Steven L. Stephenson19, Damien Ertz20,21, H. Thorsten Lumbsch22, Martin Kukwa23, Irma V. Issi17, Hugo Madrid24, Alan J.L. Phillips25, Laura Selbmann26,27, Walter P. Pfliegler28, Enikő Horváth29, Konstanze Bensch30, Paul Kirk31, Zuzana Kolaříková32, Huzefa A. Raja33, Renate Radek34, Viktor Papp35, Bálint Dima36, Jian Ma37, Elaine Malosso38, Susumu Takamatsu39,40, Gerhard Rambold41, Philipp B. Gannibal42, Dagmar Triebel43, Ajay K. Gautam44, Shubhi Avasthi45, Satinee Suetrong46,47, Einar Timdal48, Sally C. Fryar49, Gregorio Delgado50, Martina Réblová51, Mingkwan Doilom52,71,72,73, Somayeh Dolatabadi53, Julia Pawłowska54, Richard A. Humber55, Rampai Kodsueb56, Iván SánchezCastrov57, Bruno T. Goto58, Danielle K.A. Silva59, Francisco A. de Souza60, Fritz Oehl61, Gladstone A. da Silva62, Iolanda R. Silva62, Janusz Błaszkowski63, Khadija Jobim64, Leonor C. Maia62, Flavia R. Barbosa65, Patricia O. Fiuza66, Pradeep K. Divakar67, Belle D. Shenoy68, Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz69, Sayanh Somrithipol70, Samantha C. Karunarathna71,72,73, Saowaluck Tibpromma71,72,73, Peter E. Mortimer71,72,73, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe71,72,73, Rungtiwa Phookamsak2,71,72,73,74, Jianchu Xu71,72,73,74, Yong Wang75, Tian Fenghua75, Pablo Alvarado76, De-Wei Li77, Ivana Kušan78, Neven Matočec78, Sajeewa S.N. Maharachchikumbura79, Moslem Papizadeh80, Gabriela Heredia81, Felipe Wartchow82, Mounes Bakhshi83, Eric Boehm84, Noha Youssef85, Vincent P. Hustad86, James D. Lawrey87, André Luiz C.M. de A. Santiago88, Jadson D.P. Bezerra89, Cristina M. Souza-Motta89, André Luiz Firmino90, Qing Tian2, Jos Houbraken91, Sinang Hongsanan92, Kazuaki Tanaka93, Asha J. Dissanayake79, Josiane S. Monteiro94, Hans-Peter Grossart95,96, Ave Suija97, Gothamie Weerakoon98, Javier Etayo99, Andrei Tsurykau100,101, Eric Kuhnert102, Víctor Vázquez103, Paul Mungai104, Ulrike Damm105, Qi-Rui Li106, Huang Zhang107, Saranyaphat Boonmee2, Yong-Zhong Lu108,109, Alejandra G. Becerra110, Bryce Kendrick111, Francis Q. Brearley112, Jurga Motiejūnaitė113, Bharathi Sharma10,11, Roshni Khare10,11, Subhash Gaikwad10,11, D. Siril A. Wijesundara114, Li-Zhou Tang1,*, Mao-Qiang He12,13, Adam Flakus115, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus116, Mikhail P. Zhurbenko117, Eric H.C. McKenzie118, Marc Stadler119,120, D. Jayarama Bhat121, Jian Kui-Liu79, Mubashar Raza12, Rajesh Jeewon122, Elena S. Nassonova123,124, Maria Prieto125, R.G. Udeni Jayalal126, Andrey Yurkov127, Martin Schnittler128, Oleg N. Shchepin129, Yuri K. Novozhilov130, Pu Liu131, James C. Cavender132, Yingqian Kang133, Sohrabi Mohammad134, Li-Fang Zhang135, Rui-Fang Xu135, Yun-Min Li135, Monika C. Dayarathne75, Anusha H. Ekanayaka2, Ting-Chi Wen136,137, Chun-Ying Deng138, Adebola A. Lateef139, Olinto Liparini Pereira140, Sudhir Navathe141, David L. Hawksworth142, Xin-Lei Fan143, Lakmali S. Dissanayake137, Makbule Erdoğdu144
Accepted: 17.03.2020
Published: 18.03.2020
Journal: Mycosphere
DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8
Abstract
This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi. i.e. dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi, viz. Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. The placement of each genus at the class, order and family level is provided. The number of species per genus are also given. Notes are also provided where recent changes or disagreements occur. Fungi-like taxa (i.e. Eumycetozoa, Dictyosteliomycetes, Ceratiomyxomycetes and Myxomycetes), which have generally been treated as fungi in traditional taxonomy are also provided as an outline. Three new orders in Rozellomycota (viz. Amblyosporida ord. nov. Neopereziida ord. nov., Ovavesiculida ord. nov.) are introduced, while one family is introduced in Dictyosteliomycetes (fungi-like). A phylogenetic tree which represents all orders of fungi, where DNA sequences are available is also provided based on rRNA 18S, rRNA 28S, RPB1 and RPB2 genes.